Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness in children, especially under the age of 5. It causes fever, mouth sores, and a rash on hands and feet. While usually mild, it spreads easily in daycares, preschools, and homes in Sri Lanka. Here's how to identify and manage hand, foot and mouth disease in children, and when to seek medical attention.
What Causes HFMD?
HFMD is most commonly caused by Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71. These viruses spread through:
- Droplets from coughs or sneezes
- Saliva, nasal mucus
- Fluid from blisters
- Stool of infected children
- Contaminated toys, utensils, and surfaces
Outbreaks are more frequent during rainy seasons and in crowded childcare settings.
Symptoms of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Children
Symptoms appear 3–6 days after infection and include:
- Mild fever (often the first sign)
- Sore throat
- Painful mouth sores (especially on tongue, gums, and inside cheeks)
- Skin rash with red spots or blisters on palms, soles, buttocks, and knees
- Irritability, poor feeding, drooling (due to mouth pain)
Symptoms usually last 7 to 10 days. Some children may have no rash but painful ulcers in the mouth.
When to Seek Medical Help
Most cases are mild, but see a doctor if your child has:
- High fever lasting more than 3 days
- Refuses to drink or shows signs of dehydration (dry lips, less urine)
- Severe mouth pain or drooling excessively
- Seizures, drowsiness, or weakness
- Rash that becomes infected or doesn't improve
Home Care for HFMD
There is no specific medicine for HFMD. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms:
- Paracetamol for fever and pain
- Cool fluids like king coconut water, milk, and porridge
- Avoid spicy, sour, or salty foods that irritate mouth sores
- Ice cubes or cold yogurt for soothing mouth pain
- Keep your child at home until fully recovered (usually 5–7 days)
Avoid giving aspirin to children.
How to Prevent HFMD in Children
HFMD spreads quickly, but you can reduce the risk with these measures:
- Wash hands with soap, especially after diaper changes and toilet use
- Clean and disinfect toys and surfaces regularly
- Do not share cups, spoons, or towels
- Keep infected children at home until blisters dry and fever subsides
- Teach children to cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
Inform your child’s school or daycare if diagnosed with HFMD, so they can take precautions.
HFMD in Sri Lanka: What Parents Should Know
- HFMD is not dangerous for most children, but outbreaks in Sri Lanka are common in nurseries and playgroups
- Rare complications include viral meningitis or encephalitis (in less than 1% of cases)
- Immunity is lifelong for one virus type, but reinfection with other types can occur
Conclusion
Hand foot and mouth disease in children is usually mild but highly contagious. Knowing the signs, practicing good hygiene, and managing symptoms at home can help your child recover quickly while preventing its spread. For more expert guidance, visit virology.lk or consult your doctor.